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These interpersonal traumatic events involving perinatal women may be related to women’s pregnancy (e.g., pregnancy loss) or unrelated to their pregnancy (e.g., sexual assault), with the potential to lead to significant distress in women. As it pertains to the present study, interpersonal traumatic events can be characterized by a traumatic experience that may have occurred prior to or during the perinatal period and either involved the perinatal woman or an individual they care about. Trauma has been defined as a stressful experience involving a serious incident leading to physical harm, loss of life, or violence of a sexual nature that either occurred or was likely to occur. The perinatal period, extending from pregnancy to 12-months after childbirth, is a time marked by several significant physiological, social, and psychological changes, which can negatively impact the psychological health of perinatal women For some mothers, the perinatal period is a time marked by an increased vulnerability to experience events relating to complications in pregnancy or in labour and delivery such as an unplanned cesarian section. The importance of women’s psychological health while pregnant and after childbirth is well-documented and recognized globally. A call to action for perinatal researchers and clinicians is imperative in furthering this important area of research and practicing person-centered and trauma-informed care with this population. Conclusionsįindings of this research highlight the negative and long-lasting impact of traumatic events experienced on women’s psychological health and psychosocial functioning during the perinatal period, as well as perinatal women’s unmet psychological and medical service needs.
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The emergent grounded theory model revealed the central theme of the role of prior trauma in shaping women’s perinatal experiences, with four related main themes including perinatal experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of social support in women’s perinatal experiences, the barriers that women experienced while seeking psychological and medical services prior to the perinatal period and during the perinatal period, and the specific needs of perinatal women with a history of interpersonal trauma. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to constructivist grounded theory. Recruitment and data collection occurred from October 2020 to June 2021. This study explored two research questions: 1) What are the psychological experiences of perinatal women who have experienced interpersonal traumatic events? And 2) What are the service needs and gaps expressed by women relating to perinatal medical protocols and psychological services? These questions were addressed via in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews with nine perinatal women (one pregnant and eight postpartum) residing in central Canada who reported experiencing interpersonal traumatic events occurring from adolescence to the perinatal period.
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Despite the negative impact of trauma on perinatal women, the long-term impact of such diverse trauma and women’s experience during the perinatal period remains understudied. Traumatic events are associated with psychological and physical health problems for women in the perinatal period (i.e., pregnancy-12-months after childbirth).